The Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation has been extensively studied over the past four decades. with a plethora of CRB expressions reported for various parametric models. In the literature. there are different methods to derive a closed-form CRB expression. https://www.roneverhart.com/ASUS-VivoBook-X515-15-6-FHD-Laptop-Intel-Core-i5-1135G7-2-4-GHz-Intel-Iris-Xe-Graphics-16GB-DDR4-RAM-1TB-SSD-Windows-/